Ii-UAVs zinokuthwala iintlobo ngeentlobo zezivamvo ezikude, ezinokufumana ulwazi olunamacala amaninzi, oluchanekileyo oluphezulu lwemihlaba yasefama kwaye luqonde ukubekwa esweni okuguquguqukayo kweentlobo ezininzi zolwazi lweefama. Ulwazi olunjalo lubandakanya ikakhulu ulwazi losasazo lwezityalo (indawo yasefama, ukuchongwa kweentlobo zezityalo, uqikelelo lwendawo kunye notshintsho oluguquguqukayo, ukutsalwa kweziseko zophuhliso emasimini), ulwazi lokukhula kwesityalo (iparamitha zephenotypic yesityalo, izalathisi zesondlo, isivuno), kunye nemiba yoxinzelelo lokukhula kwesityalo (ukufuma endle , izinambuzane nezifo) dynamics.
Ulwazi ngoMhlaba weeFama
Ulwazi lwendawo yomhlaba weefama lubandakanya ulungelelwaniso lwejografi yamasimi kunye nokuhlelwa kwezityalo ezifunyenwe ngocalulo olubonwayo okanye ukuqondwa koomatshini. Imida yentsimi inokuchongwa ngolungelelwaniso lwejografi, kunye nendawo yokutyala nayo inokuqikelelwa. Indlela yemveli yokwenza iimephu zedijithali njengemephu yesiseko yokucwangciswa kwengingqi kunye noqikelelo lwendawo inexesha elibi, kwaye umahluko phakathi kwendawo yomda kunye neyona meko inkulu kwaye ayinayo intuition, engabandakanyi ukuphunyezwa kwezolimo ezichanekileyo. Ukuvalelwa kude kwe-UAV kunokufumana ulwazi olubanzi lwendawo yeefama ngexesha lokwenyani, elinoncedo olungenakuthelekiswa nanto lweendlela zemveli. Imifanekiso yasemoyeni evela kwiikhamera zedijithali ezinenkcazo ephezulu inokuqonda ukuchongwa kunye nokumiselwa kolwazi olusisiseko lwesithuba somhlaba wokulima, kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yoqwalaselo lwesithuba luphucula ukuchaneka nobunzulu bophando kulwazi lwendawo yeefama, kwaye iphucula isisombululo sesithuba ngelixa kusaziswa ulwazi lokuphakama. , efezekisa ukubekwa esweni okucokisekileyo kolwazi lwesithuba somhlaba weefama.
Ulwazi lokuKhula kweZityalo
Ukukhula kwezityalo kunokubonakaliswa ngolwazi kwiiparamitha ze-phenotypic, izikhombisi zesondlo, kunye nesivuno. I-Phenotypic parameters ibandakanya ukugquma kwezityalo, isalathisi sommandla wamagqabi, i-biomass, ubude besityalo, njl. Ezi parameters zinxulumene kwaye ngokudibeneyo zibonisa ukukhula kwesityalo kwaye zihambelana ngqo nesivuno sokugqibela. Bangamandla kuphando lokubeka iliso kulwazi lwefama kwaye uphando oluninzi luye lwenziwa.
1) Izityalo zePhenotypic Parameters
Isalathiso sendawo yeLeaf (LAI) sisimbuku sendawo yegqabi eliluhlaza kwicala elinye kwindawo nganye yomphezulu, enokuthi ibonakalise ngcono ukufunxwa kwesityalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okukhanya, kwaye inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuqokelelana kwezinto zesityalo kunye nesivuno sokugqibela. Isalathiso sendawo yegqabi yenye yeparameters eziphambili zokukhula kwesityalo ngoku ezibekwe esweni yi-UAV remote sensing. Ukubala izalathiso zezityalo (isalathiso sezityalo, isalathiso sezityalo esiqhelekileyo, isalathiso sezityalo ezilungisa umhlaba, isalathiso sevegetation eyahlukileyo, njl.njl.) kunye nedatha ye-multispectral kunye nokumisela imifuziselo yokubuyela umva ngedatha yenyaniso esisiseko yindlela ekhulileyo yokuguqula i-phenotypic parameters.
I-biomass engaphezulu komhlaba kwinqanaba lokukhula kade kwezityalo inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nesivuno kunye nomgangatho. Okwangoku, uqikelelo lwe-biomass nge-UAV ye-remote sensing kwezolimo lusasebenzisa ubukhulu becala idatha ye-multispectral, ikhupha iiparamitha ze-spectral, kwaye ibala isalathiso sezityalo ukuze kwenziwe imodeli; Itekhnoloji yoqwalaselo lwesithuba ineengenelo ezithile kuqikelelo lwebhayomass.
2) Izalathi zeZondlo kwizityalo
Ukujongwa ngokwemveli kwesimo sesondlo sesityalo kufuna iisampulu zentsimi kunye nohlalutyo lweekhemikhali zangaphakathi ukuze kufunyanwe umxholo wezondlo okanye izikhombisi (i-chlorophyll, initrogen, njl.njl.), ngelixa i-UAV ivalelwa kude isekelwe kwinto yokuba izinto ezahlukeneyo zineempawu ezithile zokufunxa okubonakalayo. ukuxilongwa. I-Chlorophyll ibekwe esweni ngokusekelwe kwinto yokuba inemimandla emibini eqinile yokufunxa kwibhendi yokukhanya ebonakalayo, oko kukuthi inxalenye ebomvu ye-640-663 nm kunye ne-blue-violet inxalenye ye-430-460 nm, ngelixa ukufunxa kubuthathaka kwi-550 nm. Umbala wegqabi kunye neempawu zokubunjwa ziyatshintsha xa izityalo zinqongophele, kwaye ukufumanisa iimpawu zeenkcukacha-manani zombala kunye nokuthungwa okuhambelana nokusilela okwahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ezinxulumeneyo ngundoqo wokuqwalasela izondlo. Ngokufana nokubeka iliso kwiiparamitha zokukhula, ukukhethwa kweebhanti zeempawu, izalathisi zezityalo kunye neemodeli zokuqikelela kusengowona mxholo wophononongo.
3) Isivuno sezityalo
Ukwandisa isivuno sesityalo yeyona njongo iphambili yemisebenzi yezolimo, kwaye uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwesivuno lubalulekile kuwo omabini amasebe emveliso yezolimo kunye namasebe athatha izigqibo. Abaphandi abaninzi bazamile ukuseka iimodeli zoqikelelo lwesivuno ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kokuxela kwangaphambili ngohlalutyo lwezinto ezininzi.
Ukufuma kweZolimo
Ukufuma kumhlaba wasefama kusoloko kujongwa ngeendlela ezishushu ze-infrared. Kwiindawo ezinezityalo ezigqunywe phezulu, ukuvalwa kwe-leaf stomata kunciphisa ilahleko yamanzi ngenxa yokudlula, nto leyo enciphisa ubushushu obufihliweyo kumphezulu kwaye inyuse ubushushu obubonakalayo kumphezulu, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda kweqondo lobushushu, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda kobushushu. kuthathwa njengobushushu becanopy yesityalo. Njengokubonisa ibhalansi yamandla esityalo kwisalathiso soxinzelelo lwamanzi kunokulinganisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwesiqulatho samanzi esityalo kunye nobushushu becanopy, ngoko ke iqondo lobushushu lecanopy elifunyenwe yi-thermal infrared sensor inokubonisa ubume bomhlaba wokufuma; umhlaba ongenanto okanye isigqubuthelo sezityalo kwiindawo ezincinci, zingasetyenziselwa ukuguqula ngokungathanga ngqo ukufuma komhlaba kunye nobushushu bomhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba, ongumgaqo othi: ubushushu obuthile bamanzi bukhulu, ubushushu bobushushu bucotha ukutshintsha, ngoko ke ukwabiwa kwendawo yobushushu bomhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba emini kunokubonakaliswa ngokungangqalanga ekusasazweni kokufuma komhlaba. Ngoko ke, ukuhanjiswa kwendawo yobushushu bemihla ngemihla kunokubonakalisa ngokungathanga ngqo ukuhanjiswa kokufuma komhlaba. Ekujongeni ubushushu becanopy, umhlaba ongenanto yinto ebalulekileyo yokuphazamiseka. Abanye abaphandi baye bafunda ubudlelwane phakathi kobushushu bomhlaba ongenanto kunye nesigqubuthelo somhlaba wesityalo, bacacisa umsantsa phakathi kwemilinganiselo yobushushu becanopy ebangelwa ngumhlaba obharhileyo kunye nexabiso lokwenyani, kwaye basebenzise iziphumo ezilungisiweyo ekubekweni kweliso lokufuma komhlaba wokulima ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokubeka iliso. iziphumo. Kulawulo lokwenyani lwemveliso yefama, ukuvuza kokunyakama kwentsimi kukwajolisa ingqalelo, kuye kwakho izifundo kusetyenziswa imifanekiso ye-infrared ukujonga ukuvuza kokunyakama komjelo wokunkcenkceshela, ukuchaneka kunokufikelela kuma-93%.
Izinambuzane kunye nezifo
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-infrared spectral reflectance monitoring yezityalo kunye nezifo, esekwe: amagqabi kwindawo ekufutshane ne-infrared ebonakaliswa sisiponji kunye nolawulo lwethishu yocingo, izityalo ezisempilweni, ezi zikhewu zimbini zizaliswe kukufuma kunye nokwandiswa. , sisibonisi esihle semitha eyahlukeneyo; xa isityalo sonakalisiwe, iqabunga lonakaliswe, i-tissue ixutywe, amanzi ayancipha, ukubonakaliswa kwe-infrared kuyancipha kuze kube lula.
Ukujongwa kwe-infrared ye-Thermal kuphawu olubalulekileyo lwezitshabalalisi zezityalo kunye nezifo. Izityalo ezikwiimeko eziphilileyo, ngokuyintloko ngolawulo lokuvulwa kwesisu seqabunga kunye nokuvalwa kokulawulwa kwe-transpiration, ukugcina ukuzinza kobushushu babo; kwimeko yesifo, utshintsho lwe-pathological luya kwenzeka, i-pathogen - i-host interactions kwi-pathogen kwisityalo, ngokukodwa kwimiba enxulumene nokuphefumula kwempembelelo iya kugqiba inxalenye ehlaselweyo yokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kunye nokuwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuvalelwa kwezityalo kukhokelela ekuyekisweni kokuvulwa kwesisu, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukuphefumula kuphezulu kwindawo enesifo kunendawo ephilileyo. I-transpiration enamandla ikhokelela ekwehleni kobushushu bendawo eyosulelekileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu bomahluko kumphezulu wegqabi kunakwigqabi eliqhelekileyo de kuvele amabala e-necrotic kumphezulu wegqabi. Iiseli ezikummandla we-necrotic zifile ngokupheleleyo, ukuphuma kwegazi kuloo ndawo kulahlekile ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ubushushu buqala ukunyuka, kodwa ngenxa yokuba lonke igqabi liqala ukosuleleka, umahluko weqondo lobushushu kumphezulu wegqabi usoloko uphezulu kunolo. isityalo esisempilweni.
Olunye Ulwazi
Kwintsimi yokubeka iliso kulwazi lomhlaba weefama, idatha ye-UAV ye-remote sensing inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ngokomzekelo, ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha indawo ewileyo yombona usebenzisa iimpawu ezininzi zokuthungwa, ukubonakalisa inqanaba lokuvuthwa kwamagqabi ngexesha lenqanaba lokuvuthwa kwekotoni usebenzisa i-NDVI index, kunye nokuvelisa iimephu ze-abscisic zesicelo se-abscisic ezinokuthi zikhokele ngokufanelekileyo ukutshiza kwe-abscisic acid. kumqhaphu ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwezibulali-zinambuzane, njalo njalo. Ngokweemfuno zokubeka iliso kumhlaba wokufama kunye nolawulo, yinto engenakuthintelwa kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lolimo olunolwazi kunye nolwedijithali ukuphonononga ngokuqhubekayo ulwazi lwedatha ye-UAV yokuvalelwa kude kunye nokwandisa imimandla yesicelo sayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-24-2024