Ii-UAVs zinokuthwala iintlobo ngeentlobo zezivamvo ezikude, ezinokufumana ulwazi olunamacala amaninzi, oluchanekileyo oluphezulu lwemihlaba yasefama kwaye luqonde ukubekwa esweni okuguquguqukayo kweentlobo ezininzi zolwazi lweefama. Ulwazi olunjalo lubandakanya ubukhulu becala ulwazi losasazo lwezityalo (ukubekwa kwindawo yasefama, ukuchongwa kweentlobo zezityalo, uqikelelo lommandla kunye notshintsho oluguquguqukayo, ukutsalwa kweziseko zophuhliso emasimini), ulwazi lokukhula kwesityalo (iparamitha zephenotypic yezityalo, izalathisi zesondlo, isivuno), kunye nemiba yoxinzelelo lokukhula kwesityalo (ukufuma kwintsimi, izitshabalalisi nezifo) imiba.
Ulwazi ngoMhlaba weeFama
Ulwazi lwendawo yomhlaba weefama lubandakanya ulungelelwaniso lwejografi yamasimi kunye nokuhlelwa kwezityalo ezifunyenwe ngocalulo olubonwayo okanye ukuqondwa koomatshini. Imida yentsimi inokuchongwa ngolungelelwaniso lwejografi, kunye nendawo yokutyala nayo inokuqikelelwa. Indlela yemveli yokwenza iimephu zedijithali njengemephu yesiseko yokucwangciswa kwengingqi kunye noqikelelo lwendawo inexesha elibi, kwaye umahluko phakathi kwendawo yomda kunye neyona meko inkulu kwaye ayinayo intuition, engabandakanyi ukuphunyezwa kwezolimo ezichanekileyo. Ukuvalelwa kude kwe-UAV kunokufumana ulwazi olubanzi lwendawo yeefama ngexesha lokwenyani, elinoncedo olungenakuthelekiswa nanto lweendlela zemveli. Imifanekiso yasemoyeni evela kwiikhamera zedijithali ezinenkcazo ephezulu inokuqonda ukuchongwa kunye nokumiselwa kolwazi olusisiseko lwesithuba somhlaba wokulima, kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe bolungelelwaniso lwesithuba luphucula ukuchaneka nobunzulu bophando kulwazi lwendawo yeefama, kwaye luphucule isisombululo sesithuba ngelixa sazisa ulwazi lokuphakama, oluqonda ukubekwa esweni okucokisekileyo kolwazi lwendawo yokulima.
Ulwazi lokuKhula kweZityalo
Ukukhula kwezityalo kunokubonakaliswa ngolwazi kwiiparamitha ze-phenotypic, izikhombisi zesondlo, kunye nesivuno. I-Phenotypic parameters ibandakanya ukugquma kwezityalo, isalathisi sommandla wamagqabi, i-biomass, ubude besityalo, njl. Ezi parameters zinxulumene kwaye ngokudibeneyo zibonisa ukukhula kwesityalo kwaye zihambelana ngqo nesivuno sokugqibela. Bangamandla kuphando lokubeka iliso kulwazi lwefama kwaye uphando oluninzi luye lwenziwa.
1) Izityalo zePhenotypic Parameters
Isalathiso sendawo yeLeaf (LAI) sisimbuku sendawo yegqabi eliluhlaza kwicala elinye kwindawo nganye yomphezulu, enokuthi ibonakalise ngcono ukufunxwa kwesityalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okukhanya, kwaye inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuqokelelana kwezinto zesityalo kunye nesivuno sokugqibela. Isalathiso sendawo yegqabi yenye yeparameters eziphambili zokukhula kwesityalo ngoku ezibekwe esweni yi-UAV remote sensing. Ukubala izalathiso zezityalo (isalathiso sezityalo, isalathiso sezityalo esiqhelekileyo, isalathiso sezityalo ezilungisa umhlaba, isalathiso sevegetation eyahlukileyo, njl.njl.) kunye nedatha ye-multispectral kunye nokumisela imifuziselo yokubuyela umva ngedatha yenyaniso esisiseko yindlela ekhulileyo yokuguqula i-phenotypic parameters.
I-biomass engaphezulu komhlaba kwinqanaba lokukhula kade kwezityalo inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nesivuno kunye nomgangatho. Okwangoku, uqikelelo lwe-biomass nge-UAV ye-remote sensing kwezolimo lusasebenzisa ubukhulu becala idatha ye-multispectral, ikhupha iiparamitha ze-spectral, kwaye ibala isalathiso sezityalo ukuze kwenziwe imodeli; Itekhnoloji yoqwalaselo lwesithuba ineengenelo ezithile kuqikelelo lwebhayomass.
2) Izalathisi zeZondlo zezityalo
Ukujongwa ngokwemveli kwesimo sesondlo sezityalo kufuna iisampulu yasendle kunye nohlalutyo lweekhemikhali zangaphakathi ukuze kuxilongwe umxholo wezondlo okanye izikhombisi (i-chlorophyll, i-nitrogen, njl.), ngelixa i-UAV inzwa ekude isekelwe kwinto yokuba izinto ezahlukeneyo zineempawu ezicacileyo zokufunxa ukubonwa. I-Chlorophyll ibekwe esweni ngokusekelwe kwinto yokuba inemimandla emibini eqinile yokufunxa kwibhendi yokukhanya ebonakalayo, oko kukuthi inxalenye ebomvu ye-640-663 nm kunye ne-blue-violet inxalenye ye-430-460 nm, ngelixa ukufunxa kubuthathaka kwi-550 nm. Umbala wegqabi kunye neempawu zokubunjwa ziyatshintsha xa izityalo zinqongophele, kwaye ukufumanisa iimpawu zeenkcukacha-manani zombala kunye nokuthungwa okuhambelana nokusilela okwahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ezinxulumeneyo ngundoqo wokuqwalasela izondlo. Ngokufana nokubeka iliso kwiiparamitha zokukhula, ukukhethwa kweebhanti zeempawu, izalathisi zezityalo kunye neemodeli zokuqikelela kusengowona mxholo wophononongo.
3) Isivuno sezityalo
Ukwandisa isivuno sesityalo yeyona njongo iphambili yemisebenzi yezolimo, kwaye uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwesivuno lubalulekile kuwo omabini amasebe emveliso yezolimo kunye namasebe athatha izigqibo. Abaphandi abaninzi bazamile ukuseka iimodeli zoqikelelo lwesivuno ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kokuxela kwangaphambili ngohlalutyo lwezinto ezininzi.
Ukufuma kweZolimo
Ukufuma kumhlaba wasefama kusoloko kujongwa ngeendlela ezishushu ze-infrared. Kwiindawo ezinezityalo ezigqunywe phezulu, ukuvalwa kwe-leaf stomata kunciphisa ilahleko yamanzi ngenxa yokuguquka, okunciphisa ubushushu obufihliweyo kumphezulu kwaye kwandisa ubushushu obunengqiqo kumphezulu, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda kobushushu be-canopy, ethathwa njengeqondo lokushisa kwi-canopy yesityalo. Njengokubonisa ibhalansi yamandla esityalo kwisalathiso soxinzelelo lwamanzi kunokulinganisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwesiqulatho samanzi esityalo kunye nobushushu becanopy, ngoko ke iqondo lobushushu lecanopy elifunyenwe yi-thermal infrared sensor inokubonisa ubume bomhlaba wokufuma; umhlaba ongenanto okanye isigqubuthelo sezityalo kwiindawo ezincinci, singasetyenziselwa ukuguqula ngokungathanga ngqo ukufuma komhlaba kunye neqondo lobushushu bomhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba, ongumgaqo othi: ubushushu obuthile bamanzi bukhulu, iqondo lobushushu lobushushu liyacotha ukutshintsha, ngoko ke ukusasazwa kwendawo yobushushu bomhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba ngexesha lemini kunokubonakaliswa ngokungathanga ngqo ekusasazweni kokufuma komhlaba. Ngoko ke, ukusasazwa kwendawo yobushushu bemihla ngemihla kunokubonakalisa ngokungathanga ngqo ukusasazwa kokufuma komhlaba. Ekujongeni ubushushu becanopy, umhlaba ongenanto yinto ebalulekileyo yokuphazamiseka. Abanye abaphandi baye bafunda ubudlelwane phakathi kobushushu bomhlaba ongenanto kunye nesigqubuthelo somhlaba wesityalo, bacacisa umsantsa phakathi kwemilinganiselo yobushushu be-canopy ebangelwa ngumhlaba ongenanto kunye nexabiso lokwenyani, kwaye basebenzise iziphumo ezilungisiweyo ekuhloleni ukufuma komhlaba wokulima ukuphucula ukuchaneka kweziphumo zokubeka iliso. Kulawulo lokwenyani lwemveliso yefama, ukuvuza kokunyakama kwentsimi kukwajolisa ingqalelo, kuye kwakho izifundo kusetyenziswa imifanekiso ye-infrared ukujonga ukuvuza kokunyakama komjelo wokunkcenkceshela, ukuchaneka kunokufikelela kuma-93%.
Izinambuzane kunye nezifo
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-infrared spectral reflectance monitoring monitoring yezityalo kunye nezifo, esekelwe kwi: amaqabunga kwindawo ekufutshane ne-infrared yokubonakaliswa yi-sponge tissue kunye nokulawulwa kwezicubu zocingo, izityalo eziphilileyo, ezi zikhefu ezimbini zezicubu ezizaliswe ngumswakama kunye nokwandiswa, kubonakaliso oluhle lwemitha eyahlukeneyo; xa isityalo sonakalisiwe, iqabunga lonakaliswe, i-tissue ixutywe, amanzi ayancipha, ukubonakaliswa kwe-infrared kuyancipha kuze kube lula.
Ukujongwa kwe-infrared ye-Thermal kuphawu olubalulekileyo lwezitshabalalisi zezityalo kunye nezifo. Izityalo ezikwiimeko eziphilileyo, ngokuyintloko ngolawulo lokuvulwa kwesisu seqabunga kunye nokuvalwa kokulawulwa kwe-transpiration, ukugcina ukuzinza kobushushu babo; kwimeko yesifo, utshintsho lwe-pathological luya kwenzeka, i-pathogen - i-host interactions kwi-pathogen kwisityalo, ngokukodwa kwimiba enxulumene nokuphefumula kwempembelelo iya kugqiba inxalenye ehlaselweyo yokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kunye nokuwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuvalelwa kwezityalo kukhokelela ekuyekisweni kokuvulwa kwesisu, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukuphefumula kuphezulu kwindawo enesifo kunendawo ephilileyo. I-transpiration enamandla ikhokelela ekwehleni kobushushu bendawo eyosulelekileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu bomahluko kumphezulu wegqabi kunakwigqabi eliqhelekileyo de kuvele amabala e-necrotic kumphezulu wegqabi. Iiseli ezikummandla we-necrotic zifile ngokupheleleyo, ukuphuma kwegazi kuloo nxalenye kulahlekile ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ubushushu buqala ukunyuka, kodwa ngenxa yokuba lonke igqabi liqala ukosuleleka, umahluko weqondo lobushushu kumphezulu wegqabi uhlala uphezulu kuneso sityalo esisempilweni.
Olunye ulwazi
Kwintsimi yokubeka iliso kulwazi lomhlaba weefama, idatha ye-UAV ye-remote sensing inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ngokomzekelo, ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha indawo ewileyo yombona usebenzisa iimpawu ezininzi zokuthungwa, ukubonakalisa inqanaba lokuvuthwa kwamagqabi ngexesha lenqanaba lokuvuthwa komqhaphu usebenzisa i-NDVI index, kunye nokuvelisa iimephu ze-abscisic zesicelo se-asidi ye-abscisic enokukhokela ngokufanelekileyo ukutshiza i-abscisic acid kwikotoni ukuze ugweme ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwe-pesticides, njalo njalo. Ngokweemfuno zokubeka iliso kumhlaba wokufama kunye nolawulo, yinto engenakuthintelwa kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lolimo olunolwazi kunye nolwedijithali ukuphonononga ngokuqhubekayo ulwazi lwedatha ye-UAV yokuvalelwa kude kunye nokwandisa imimandla yesicelo sayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-24-2024